Design System UX Research Lead ResearchOps · Governance

Restoring Confidence
in SSA's Design System

SSA's first post-COVID cross-platform validation program — restoring evidence-based governance, and trust across 60+ federal digital products.

As UX Research Lead, I designed and led SSA’s first post-COVID, cross-platform design-system validation initiative, producing 25+ evidence-based pattern updates, a new framework for governance, and three new institutional processes for ongoing validation.

For five years after COVID halted in-person testing, SSA's design system kept shipping — components, identity fields, accessibility-critical patterns — all running on assumption across a system supporting 200M+ annual interactions. The foundation couldn't be trusted. For users navigating disability applications under financial or health stress, even minor friction is a barrier to completion.

That program delivered: 25+ evidence-based pattern updates, a severity×confidence framework that turned findings into governance decisions, and three institutional processes built to keep the design system validated long after the work ended.

Research Methods
Mixed Methods Moderated Usability Testing Think-Aloud Protocol Post-Task Interviews 5-Point Likert Surveys Comparative Preference Test
Tools
AxureZoomConfluenceFigJamExcelTeams
The Governance Gap
PRE-COVID COVID POST-COVID GAP VALIDATION Library guerrilla testing NO VALIDATION Patterns shipped untested GOVERNANCE Design team autonomy NO GOVERNANCE No escalation process INFRASTRUCTURE In-person protocols NO INFRASTRUCTURE No remote testing in place TRUST Evidence-based decisions ERODED TRUST Stakeholder confidence lost 5-year gap Built on USWDS — the federal design standard
RoleUX Research Lead
Team2 Researchers · 1 Designer · 2 Apprentices
ScopeDesign-system validation, Design governance, ResearchOps strategy, training & mentorship
AgencySocial Security Administration
Timeline2023–2024 · Multi-phase
15+
Patterns Validated
5yrs
Usability Backlog Cleared
25+
DS Updates Shipped
60+
Federal Products
200M+
Annual Interactions
3
Gov. Processes Launched
Context

A Governance Gap That Grew for Years

SSA's design system is the shared foundation for 60+ federal applications, built on USWDS — the federal design standard. USWDS sets the compliance baseline. But compliance is not the same as validation. A pattern can pass every technical check and still fail the real people using it.

By 2024, five years of unvalidated patterns had accumulated across desktop and mobile. Ownership existed but validation didn't — there was no mandate, and no mechanism to flag what had never been tested. It didn't become urgent until it became a risk: FY25 modernization milestones required mobile to be the premier service channel, and the foundation those milestones were being built on had never been validated with a real user.

Strategic Framing

How might we validate untested design-system patterns — across desktop and mobile — while rebuilding internal confidence and capacity for continuous usability validation?

Solution

I established a cross-platform validation framework for the design system that integrated usability research, governance, ResearchOps practices, and practitioner training.

Patterns were prioritized by user risk, tested across desktop and mobile, and translated into validated design guidance—enabling teams to continuously improve patterns across 60+ applications.

Four Categories of Risk
Governance Risk

No process for who owned pattern decisions or when re-validation was required.

Accessibility Risk

Patterns in production never validated for WCAG compliance or cognitive load.

Trust Risk

Sensitive identity fields deployed without testing with affected communities.

Modernization Risk

FY25 mobile-first milestones built on an unvalidated foundation.

Focus Areas
  • Design system governance & ResearchOps
  • Cross-platform usability (desktop, iOS, Android)
  • Accessibility & WCAG compliance
  • Emotional usability & trust signals
  • Inclusive pattern design (sensitive identity fields)
  • Practitioner training & capacity building
Key Findings

Two Failure Modes. Both Required Governance.

Cross-platform testing surfaced patterns that failed for different reasons — emotional discomfort that persisted regardless of platform, and behavioral breakdowns that diverged sharply by device. Both required different governance responses.

Cross-Platform Signal — File Upload Error Recovery
Desktop Fix Rate100%
Mobile Fix Rate54%
S4 Critical C4 Confirmed

Same design. Same tasks. Desktop users recovered from file upload errors independently — mobile users could not. Layout compression on small screens obscured the error source. Governance decision: design mandate, not deferred fix.

● Failure Mode — Emotional Trust

Patterns that passed every functional metric but caused emotional friction, coercion, or trust erosion — consistently across both platforms.

"I support inclusivity, but this question caught me off guard. I wasn't expecting it here, and it made the experience feel less comfortable."

Study Participant · Gender Identity Field · Desktop Study

This quote captures the core tension of the entire program: a user who values inclusive design still experienced discomfort — not because of the intent, but because of the absence of a graceful exit. Emotional usability isn't about content; it's about control.

Gender Identity Field

67%
expressed discomfort or confusion

Likert helpfulness 4.38 desktop / 4.26 mobile — functional success masked emotional harm. No graceful opt-out existed.

Governance Action
Added "Prefer not to answer" + true skip option

Pronouns Field

58%
negative sentiment — both platforms

Consistent negative Likert scores regardless of device. Platform did not mediate the experience — the design pattern itself caused harm.

Governance Action
Pattern-level redesign with optional entry

Sex Listed at Birth

72%
wanted clearer context for why it's asked

Users completed the field but emotional safety was low. Absence of rationale created distrust in the larger application.

Governance Action
Added contextual rationale and opt-out path
● Failure Mode — Behavioral Breakdown

Patterns where users failed to complete tasks or required facilitator intervention — most commonly diverging between desktop and mobile.

"I could see something was wrong — there was a red icon — but I couldn't tell which file it was. I didn't want to delete the wrong one and have to start over."

Study Participant · File Upload Error Recovery · Mobile Study

This moment — paralysis at the point of error — is the exact failure the research was designed to surface. The participant wasn't confused by the concept of uploading a file. They were stopped by a color collision and a layout that worked on desktop but broke under real conditions on mobile. Task completion metrics would have called this a pass.

File Upload Error Recovery

54%
mobile fix rate vs 100% desktop

Error messages not linked to source filename on mobile. Layout compression prevented recovery. Highest severity signal in the program.

Governance Action
Error messages explicitly linked to source file by name
Stacked errors beneath associated file row in mobile layout

Date Picker & Button Order

40%
task failure rate on mobile

Missing "Today" label and inconsistent button order (Cancel before Save) violated OS conventions on mobile. Desktop users were not affected.

Governance Action
"Today" text label + stronger focus-ring token added
Save → Cancel standardized per OS convention
Outcomes & Impact

What This Program Delivered

The design system and organizational outcomes below are the same story at different levels — validated patterns that shipped, and the governance infrastructure that will keep them validated.

At the Pattern Level
15 core patterns validated across desktop, iOS, and Android
25 design-system updates implemented at component and token level
COVID-era validation backlog fully cleared
60+ applications modernized with evidence-backed patterns
Pattern-level recommendations for inclusive identity fields delivered to SSA — documented with rationale for each governance decision
Users navigating gender identity, pronouns, and sex listed at birth fields now have a genuine opt-out — removing the coercive binary choice that produced consistent emotional discomfort across both studies
At the Organization Level
3 governance processes launched: Storybook checklist, token audits, biennial re-testing
Research embedded as a governance standard — not a project deliverable
2 non-UX practitioners trained and enabled to support continuous validation
Repeatable ResearchOps infrastructure established for future cycles
Stakeholder confidence restored, unblocking FY25 modernization milestones
200M+ annual digital interactions now supported by validated, accessible patterns
Reflection

Leadership Judgment & What I'd Do Differently

The most important outcome wasn't validated components — it was a culture of evidence. Research at the design-system level has disproportionate impact: one validated pattern reaches millions. An unvalidated one carries millions of small harms.

Why the methodology mattered

The findings this program produced — the 54% mobile fix rate, the platform-consistent emotional harm from inclusive identity fields, the patterns that passed on desktop and failed on mobile — were only possible because each structural decision below was built and defended to protect data integrity.

Decision How I Led It Takeaway
Testing Format Replaced guerrilla library testing with remote moderated testing — deploying infrastructure already built for SSA Mobile App Exploratory Research Trading a familiar method for a compliant one unlocked a more diverse participant pool.Institutional constraints, reframed, become organizational advancement.
Study Instrument Removed SUS entirely; rebuilt task structure around sub-scenario tasks that isolated each pattern within the workflow Applying a familiar instrument to the wrong unit of analysis produces precise but meaningless data.Method selection must match what you're actually measuring.
Research Eligibility Established a pattern eligibility gate — real-world use case meeting user need and business goal required before entering the validation queue Testing patterns without a justified use case is curiosity with a budget.Research purpose is as important to protect as research rigor.
Study Scope Held two-phase structure — desktop and mobile as separate studies with sample sizes optimized per platform using the 5×2 rule Cost: longer timeline and less per-device precision. Return: cross-platform evidence that held under governance scrutiny.Reliable findings later beat fast findings built on a compromised design.
Requirements Definition Discovery sessions at program start defined success metrics and research questions per pattern before any testing began Without a definition of pass before the study runs, findings can't drive decisions.Define what success looks like before scope is set.

Leadership had already delegated full research design authority to me — trust built through prior delivery, including the SSA Mobile App Exploratory Research, which shaped the agency's mobile strategy, informed its first universal mobile application, and was presented to senior executives and the CIO.

The product team came in expecting the pre-COVID playbook — and every major structural decision required holding a better one. The decisions weren't approvals I sought. They were directions I set, communicated transparently, and defended with rationale so leadership stayed informed and could redirect if needed.

If I were starting again, I would establish the severity×confidence framework and governance escalation path before the first study — not during it. The framework worked, but it had to earn its legitimacy while findings were already in motion. Agreeing on what "critical" meant and who owned a pattern decision before any data existed would have made the outcomes structural rather than situational.

FROM AUTHORITY TO IMPACT FOUNDATION SSA Mobile App Product Strategy First mobile contextual inquiry study Presented to senior executives & CIO established trust DELEGATED AUTHORITY Full research design ownership Decisions set · not approvals sought enabled 4 DECISIONS HELD UNDER PRESSURE Testing Format Constraints reframed as advancement Study Instrument Method must match unit of analysis Research Eligibility Purpose as important as rigor Study Scope Reliable later > fast and compromised produced GOVERNANCE AT SCALE 25+ 15 3 DS updates patterns gov. processes 200M+ annual digital interactions supported by validated, accessible patterns