UX Research · Financial Regulation

From Static Forms
to Guided Workflow

Modernizing a financial regulatory reporting platform used by 3,000+ broker-dealer firms to ensure secure and compliant U.S. securities markets.

Role
Sole Senior UX Designer · Embedded Lead
Team
2 Data Analysts · 1 Content Analyst · 1 Product Owner · 2 Engineers · 1 Enterprise Architect · Regulatory Coordinators
Presented To
VP · Director · Product · Engineering · FINRA Business Leadership
Duration
6–12 Months · 2019–2020
3,400+
Broker-dealer firms regulated
1,500+
Form fields in scope
30–40%
Reduction in error-related support calls
100%
User preference for redesigned experience
Context

Understanding FINRA & eFOCUS

A complex regulatory ecosystem with real compliance stakes for thousands of financial firms.

FINRA

The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority oversees 3,400+ broker-dealer firms and 600,000+ registered representatives to protect U.S. market integrity. FINRA enforces compliance and safeguards investors across the financial system.

eFOCUS

FINRA's electronic platform for standardized financial reporting (the FOCUS Report — Electronic Financial and Operational Combined Uniform Single Report). Firms submit required financial and operational data across 1,500+ fields in complex, multi-step filings. Errors introduce direct regulatory risk and can trigger FINRA investigation.


Before State · Discovery

The Filing Workflow Before Redesign

To understand the challenge, I mapped the actual filing workflow — and what users were doing outside the system.

What existed

  • Filing required pulling data from accounting systems, Excel files, and documents
  • Validation happened outside the platform — via email, phone calls, and spreadsheets
  • The system technically supported submission, but not the act of completing a filing
  • No digital interaction during the core filing workflow
  • Manual re-entry of numbers from source systems into static PDF forms

What was missing

  • No proactive deadline reminders — users tracked filing windows manually
  • No data import — 90% spent 2+ hours per cycle on manual entry
  • No inline validation — errors surfaced only after submission attempt
  • No in-platform collaboration between associates and supervisors
  • No contextual guidance at the point of data entry
Problem

A System Built for Regulators,
Not for Users

Users navigated fragmented tools and static forms to complete complex regulatory filings — with no system support for accuracy or collaboration.

No Guidance

Users had to know how to file with no contextual help or inline instructions

Fragmented Workflow

The complete filing workflow spanned multiple disconnected tools and manual steps

Manual Validation

Accuracy checks happened entirely outside the system, compounding error risk

Problem Statement: Firms needed to complete complex regulatory filings in a system designed for submission — not for the act of filing itself — forcing manual workarounds, duplicated efforts, costly errors, and compliance risk. The system captured data but did not support how users ensured it was correct, creating a dangerous gap between submission and data confidence.

Legally Locked Copy

Legal and policy mandates prohibited changing existing field labels — I introduced plain language guidance surgically, layered around copy I couldn't touch

Full Feature Mandate

Every legacy feature had to ship — including ones users never used. I used research evidence to move low-use features to the backlog, reducing cognitive load without violating the mandate

SEC/FINRA Data Governance

Field validation rules tied to regulatory data standards constrained UI patterns — every interaction decision had to account for compliance, not just usability

North Star

Transform the platform from a submission tool into a personalized filing guide — one that walks compliance teams through complexity step by step, the way TurboTax turned tax filing from a burden into something anyone can do with confidence.

Research Approach

Working the Constraints
to Find the Truth

Primary user access was blocked at the start. I built a research strategy that worked within that constraint — using what existed, filling what was missing, and using findings as leverage to open the door to real users.

01
Synthesize
The BA team had conducted interviews — but they were requirements gathering, not user research. I synthesized them anyway, alongside use case diagrams, to extract what structural patterns I could before I had direct user access
02
Build Artifacts
I developed personas and journey maps from the BA interviews, business requirements, and use case diagrams — not because the data was ideal, but because the artifacts revealed gaps that imperfect data alone couldn't show
03
Align the Team
I led an empathy mapping session with the BA team — aligning everyone on emotional drivers and surfacing hidden gaps the requirements process had missed. This also built internal advocacy for the research direction
04
Expand Access
The empathy map gaps gave me the evidence to influence the product owner. I negotiated access to regulatory coordinators, who connected me to voluntary firm participants for a survey — the first primary signal from actual users
05
Reframe & Define
Triangulating personas, journey maps, empathy synthesis, and survey data shifted the product direction — from a submission tool to a guided, personalized filing experience built around how users actually work

Research Artifacts

Explore the Research

Three interactive artifacts capture the full research picture — from user personas and journey mapping through empathy synthesis and survey quantification.

Research Artifact 01

Personas & Journey Map

Three distinct user roles — Adam (Associate), Samantha (CFO/FinOp), and Richard (Consultant) — mapped across six filing lifecycle stages with actions, touchpoints, pain points, and emotional states.

View Full Artifact →
Research Artifact 02

Empathy Map

What each persona says, thinks, does, and feels across the filing lifecycle — synthesized from 15 interviews and survey data (n=30), with pain points and desired gains mapped per role.

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Research Artifact 03

User Survey Results

Quantitative validation across 8 questions and 30 respondents — covering usability, time on task, workflow friction, and feature priorities. Directly confirmed the top interview findings.

View Full Artifact →
70%
Said eFOCUS only partially meets or does not meet their needs
90%
Spend 2+ hours on manual data entry each filing cycle
63%
Experience data rework often or almost always before submission
70%
Dissatisfied with the review and approval workflow between roles
90%
Selected data import as their top desired feature priority
87%
Wanted deadline notifications built directly into the platform

Voluntary firm survey · n=30 · CIT Capital Securities LLC · April–August 2019 · Triangulated with 15 usability sessions and post-launch call center data — meaningful signal in a regulated environment where primary user access required organizational buy-in to secure.

Research Insights

Four Findings That Drove
Four Design Decisions

Every major design decision traces directly to a research finding. These aren't observations — they're the brief I designed from.

01

Fragmented Workflows

Users relied on spreadsheets, email, and offline coordination to complete filings the system was supposed to support. Four separate tools for one filing cycle.

Observed across personas (n=3); confirmed through journey maps and empathy synthesis
→ Design response: chunked, role-based guided workflow consolidated into one experience
02

Validation Gap

Accuracy checks happened entirely outside the system — via email, phone calls, and spreadsheets. Every filing cycle compounded error risk and compliance exposure.

Synthesized across interviews (n=15), journey maps (n=3), and survey data (n=30)
→ Design response: inline validation during entry + pre-submit error summary — accuracy built in, not bolted on
03

Field-to-Line Misalignment

With 1,500+ input fields, users consistently matched data to the wrong line item — a cognitive load problem compounded by legally locked field labels I couldn't change.

Surfaced through journey map analysis and BA interview synthesis; confirmed in usability testing
→ Design response: floating label pattern anchors line item number and reveals plain language context on focus — without touching locked copy
04

Cognitive & Emotional Burden

Users felt isolated, accountable without system support, and most stressed at deadline pressure points — the moments the system abandoned them most completely.

Revealed through empathy mapping session and interview synthesis
→ Design response: contextual feedback, deadline notifications, and progress visibility built directly into the platform
Key Takeaway

These four findings reframed the design brief entirely — from "modernize the form" to "close the gap between submission and confidence." Every interaction pattern I chose traces back to one of these findings, including the constraints that shaped how I solved them.

Design Strategy

Every Pattern Chosen
for a Reason

I didn't design toward a visual aesthetic — I designed toward four specific research findings, within a set of regulatory constraints that shaped every interaction decision.

The north star was TurboTax — not as a visual reference, but as a workflow model. A guided, personalized experience that walks users through complexity step by step, building confidence at every stage rather than demanding expertise upfront. That model directly addressed what research told us: users weren't failing because they didn't know their data. They were failing because the system gave them no support in getting it right.

Core Design Principles

Chunked, Role-Based Guidance

Insight 01 showed users were managing four tools for one filing cycle. I broke the workflow into logical sections with role-based entry points — one experience for Adam, Samantha, and Richard, not one form for everyone

Validation Built In, Not Bolted On

Insight 02 showed accuracy checks happening entirely outside the system. I designed inline validation at point of entry plus a pre-submit error summary — catching errors where they happen, not after submission

Surgical Plain Language

Legal mandate prohibited changing field labels. I introduced plain language context through the floating label pattern — guidance that surfaces on focus without touching a single word of locked copy

Contextual Support at Stress Points

Insight 04 showed users most burdened at deadlines. I designed deadline notifications, progress visibility, and contextual feedback directly into the platform — support exactly where and when users needed it most


Design Execution

What I Built and Why

Action-Oriented Dashboard

The legacy dashboard was a static portal — no sense of progress, no task priority, no orientation. I redesigned it as a dynamic workspace that surfaces what matters and lets users act where the work is happening.

  • Navigation drawer providing clear structural orientation across the platform — replacing a flat link list with meaningful hierarchy
  • Status indicators and task visibility — users see what's in progress, overdue, or complete at a glance, reducing the need to context-switch to track status
  • Dynamic filtering by form type, category, and status — surfaces the right filings quickly without hunting
  • Contextual action menu — users take action directly where the work is, not from a separate workflow

Guided Filing Workflow

Research showed users managing four separate tools to complete one filing. I consolidated that into a single guided experience — chunked into logical sections, with role-based entry points tailored to how Adam, Samantha, and Richard each work.

  • Role-based entry points — each persona enters the workflow at the stage relevant to their responsibilities, not a one-size-fits-all form sequence
  • Chunked sections reduce visible complexity at each step — progressive disclosure surfaces only what's needed, when it's needed
  • Auto-calculations and pre-fill reduce manual entry volume — directly addressing the 90% of users spending 2+ hours on data entry each cycle
  • Structured review and approval workflow enables CFO-to-associate coordination within the platform — closing the loop that previously happened over email

Form Interaction & Developer Handoff

The floating label pattern was my most precise design decision on this project. With 1,500+ input fields and legally locked labels I couldn't change, users were consistently matching data to the wrong line item. The floating label solved this with two simultaneous affordances: it anchors the line item number as a persistent visual reference when a field is active, and it reveals plain language contextual guidance in the space above — without touching a single word of locked regulatory copy.

  • Floating label anchors line item number on focus — users always know which field they're in, even across 1,500+ fields
  • Plain language context surfaces on focus — guidance layered around locked copy, not replacing it
  • Inline validation flags errors at the point of entry — accuracy issues caught immediately, not at submission
  • Pre-submit error summary gives users a complete view before final submission — a second layer of confidence before data leaves the system

The design handoff included detailed pattern specification documentation — covering interaction states, validation behaviors, and component usage guidelines — to ensure implementation fidelity across the engineering team.

Design → Developer Handoff · Pattern Specification Documentation
Design Artifact · Developer Handoff

Floating Label Pattern Specification

Detailed interaction documentation covering all field states, validation behaviors, and component usage guidelines — delivered to the engineering team to ensure implementation fidelity across the guided data entry experience.

View Full Artifact →
Design Process

Early ideation moved fast through whiteboarding and paper prototyping — keeping business analysts in the room for immediate alignment without the overhead of digital tools. This accelerated progression to high-fidelity interactive prototypes in Sketch and InVision, which became the primary vehicle for stakeholder review, leadership presentations, and usability testing with real firm users.

Influence & Delivery

Earning the Room Before
Designing for It

I joined a team 2 months behind on committed milestones with no established UX process. Before I could do research, I had to deliver — and then use that credibility to reshape how the team worked.

The Entry

Realigning a Team Behind on Milestones

I came on board with the product team already 2 months past their committed delivery date for high-fidelity prototype concepts to technology and business leadership. I realigned all features, built the prototypes, and delivered. That move secured full product funding — and earned the product owner's trust in my judgment.

The Fight

Pushing Past Proxy Users

The product owner blocked access to primary firm users to avoid "burdening" them. I pushed back — proxy testing with regulatory coordinators alone wasn't sufficient. I led a 3-day Design Thinking workshop with Capital One's UX team, bringing in call centers, business leads, and engineers. 100% of secondary users preferred the new concepts. That outcome, combined with the trust I'd already built, opened the door to primary user usability testing and a voluntary firm survey.

Phase 1

Technology Leadership · Rockville

Presented to technology leadership to validate technical feasibility, confirm implementation readiness, and secure approval to proceed with the proposed architecture and interaction patterns.

Phase 2

Business Leadership · New York

Presented to business leadership in New York to validate compliance constraints, align the experience to operational workflows, and secure the funding required for the full modernization effort.

Workshop Photo Placeholder
Replace with actual workshop image
Culture Shift · Facilitation

3-Day Design Thinking Workshop

Co-facilitated with Capital One's UX team — this wasn't a project workshop. It was a deliberate culture intervention for a team that had never embedded UX in its process. Business leads, call center staff, engineers, and managers participated. Outputs included journey maps with pain point clusters, affinity diagrams, and sketch concepts. The real output: a product owner who now understood what UX actually does — and opened the door to primary user access as a result.

Outcome: Full product funding secured. Approved for build and usability testing with real firm users — a first for a team that had not previously embedded UX in its process.

Validate & Deliver

Tested With Real Users.
Launched. Measured.

After alignment, I iterated with SMEs, partnered closely with engineering through build and QA, and validated the redesigned experience through usability testing with primary firm users.

100%
of usability test participants preferred the redesigned experience
(n=30 · small firms n=15 · large firms n=15)
30–40%
reduction in error-related support calls post-launch, measured against legacy system call center data
4 → 1
filing workflow consolidated from a fragmented multi-tool process into a single guided system experience

Voices from Usability Testing

"Most common issue with Amendments is putting in the wrong box."

— Small firm usability test participant · Confirmed need for guided data entry and inline validation

"Edit checks sometimes do not point to the area of concern."

— Large firm usability test participant · Confirmed need for improved error navigation and contextual feedback

Reflection

What This Project Taught Me

The biggest design challenge on this project wasn't the interface — it was the system of constraints around it. Legally locked copy I couldn't change. A mandate to ship every legacy feature regardless of user need. SEC/FINRA data governance rules that constrained every validation pattern. I learned to design surgically: introducing plain language guidance around copy I couldn't touch, and using user research evidence to move unused legacy features to the backlog without violating the mandate.

Delivering first — when the team was behind and under pressure — was what gave me the standing to push for what the work actually needed. The 3-day Design Thinking workshop wasn't just a research method. It shifted the culture of a team that had never embedded UX in its process, and it moved a product owner from gatekeeping user access to championing it.

Leading alignment across technology and business leadership in a regulated environment — and translating design research into the language of business risk — is what secured the funding. That's the work I want to keep doing: not just designing the right thing, but building the organizational conditions that let the right thing ship.

Let's build what lasts.

Research that governs, not just informs. Open to creative and research leadership roles in DC.

create@mrouil.com
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